Reducers can only be placed in nodes along a straight line and only if the diameter of adjoining pipes is different. The reducer node is located at the end with lower diameter.
The reducer weight is modeled as uniform load. The pipe part weight that covered by reducer is removed. Insulation and fluid weight is the average value of the weight from two connected pipes. Snow, ice, wind, and user defined uniform loads are got as average value from two connected pipes.
Features of ASME code:
START-PROF doesn't check the wall thickness for reducers. For Russian code START-PROF check the wall thickness for all reducer types.
Property |
Description |
Name |
Element name. If checked then it shown in 3D view |
Material |
Material from materials database |
Calculate weight automatically |
If selected, reducer weight is calculated automatically as frustum volume taking into account linear change in wall thickness |
Weight |
Reducer weight without insulation and product. Set according to standards without taking into account the overload factor. Product and insulation weight with corresponding overload factors are calculated automatically based on adjoining pipes |
Wall thickness at Dmax, t1 |
Nominal (actual) wall thickness at the maximum diameter section |
Wall thickness at Dmin, t2 |
Nominal (actual) wall thickness at the minimum diameter section |
Mill tolerance |
Mill tolerance at the time of production. More... |
Corrosion and wear allowance |
Corrosion and wear allowance (working mill tolerance) for wall thickness. More... |
Cone length, Lc |
Length of the conical part of reducer |
Full length, L |
Full length of the reducer element |
Cone Angle, α |
The slope angle of conical part of reducer. k=1 for eccentric reducer
|
Longitudinal Weld Joint Efficiency Factor, E |
Longitudinal weld joint efficiency factor, E. More... |
Manufacturing technology |
For ASME B31.1, ASME B31.3, DL/T 5366-2014 seamless pipe will always use Wl=1.0. For electric-welded pipe Wl will be specified from database. More... When using GOST 32388-2013, pipe physical properties are taken from different materials databases depending on pipe type (seamless/welded). |
Angle between shear direction and local axis of adjoining element Zm |
Angle between shear direction and local axis of adjoining element Zm. Used for positioning eccentricity in space. For vertical eccentricity, a 0 degree angle is set. |
Stress correlation along two axes, r |
Based on ISO 14692 section 7.10
|
Qualified stress, qs |
If this field is blank then qs is got from material database Based on ISO 14692 section 7.8
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Internal protective layer thickness |
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External protective layer thickness |
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To insert a reducer, select the desired node and use the menu option: Insert > Insert Reducer > Insert Eccentric Reducer
To view properties of an existing element:
Double-click the element in the 3D view
Select the
element and press the 
toolbar icon
