Read about START-PROF pipe stress analysis software
Vacuum piping analysis is possible following the code GOST 32388-2013.
To set the vacuum we must specify the negative operating pressure in pipes. The START-PROF operating pressure - is not absolute pressure. It's relative pressure, the difference between absolute internal and external pressures. If internal absolute pressure is zero (absolute vacuum), then operating pressure should be set to minus one atmosphere pressure i.e. -0.1 MPa.
Features of vacuum piping:
Pipes is not elongate under pressure, they shorten under external pressure
Unbalanced axial expansion joints is not elongate under pressure, they shorten under external pressure
The pipe wall buckling (stability loss) may happen under external pressure. After START-PROF analysis done the pipe wall buckling check table must be analyzed. Also the additional check analysis could be done in Start-elements.
If the buckling analysis is failed the wall thickness should increased or stiffening rings must be added. The shape and distance between rings should be checked by analysis.
Buckling check of high-temperature piping is not possible because the method of analysis don't consider the creep effect. See 14.1.1 GOST 32388-2013: This code applies to piping operating under vacuum or external pressure, without metal creep. Wall temperature should not exceed 380 °С for carbon steel, 420 °С for low alloy steel, and 525 °С for austenitic steel.
