Variable Spring Hanger

Property

Description

Name

Element name. If checked then it shown in 3D view

Spring type

LISEGA spring type (21, 22, 25, 26). More...

Rod number

Spring chain (rod) number - minimum structurally sound number of parallel spring chains in a support (from 1 to 10). For example, a variable spring support on a riser must have at least two spring chains, since it is not structurally sound with one. The number of spring chains indicated in START-PROF output will be no less than that in input data, but may be higher if two chains are insufficient for allowable load conditions.
Double chain number doubles allowable load and halves flexibility (doubling stiffness k). More...

Load difference, %

Required relative load difference. Equal to the correlation of differences in support loads in operation and cold states and loads in operating mode. Usually 35% is recommended. For pipelines connected to equipment sensitive to effects from Piping forces (turbine, pump, etc.), less than  35% is recommended. More...
For LISEGA and WITZENMANN springs, maximum allowable value is  25%

Load safety factor, m

Support load safety factor  m = 1 ÷ 1.3 (load cannot exceed carrying capacity). Specific value is selected based on Piping design, installation and commission experience. Usually  m = 1 is recommended. If  m > 1, the number of springs in the support and the overall spring chain height increase.
If springs contract with Piping thermal displacement, safety factor m is automatically set with a 15% increase in START-PROF based on  [1].

Allowable load

Allowable load (for one chain) for custom springs  (standard type - "other")

Supporting force  R (R_op or R_cold)

Supporting force value (for all chains) - required force, created by variable spring hangers in operation R_op or cold R_cold Piping states (depending on selection state input in Project Settings).
If  R = 0, automatic supporting force selection is done.
If R ≠ 0, automatic supporting force selection is not done and input value is used. This is usually done for manual regulation of Piping forces and stress and loads on equipment. More...

Flexibility, l

Flexibility or stiffness of one chain. If flexibility and stiffness is input as 0, an automatic calculation is done. If the value is not 0, chain composition selection and calculation of supporting forces in operation and cold states is done, where flexibility value must match the value in the springs database selected in Project Settings. More...

Stiffness, K

Stiffness is the inverse value of flexibility  K=1/l

Rod length, L, H

Hanger rod length. If the value is 0, pendulum effect is not considered (fictitious restraints are not set, see "custom restraints")

Test state

In some cases, springs may be temporarily locked during testing, which must be taking into account in the analysis

Displacement range

Spring displacement range. Must be specified if spring stiffness is specified manually because several displacement ranges could have the same stiffness value. More...